Developer Controls

Really rad developer module. Use this in addition to Devel to become super awesome. One thing I like about it is the ability to clear any cache you want; you can clear the cache from just one view, for example.

Solr Devel

Developing with Apache Solr? Then you pretty much gotta have this installed. It will show you the entire Drupal Solr entity in a subtab next to the normal devel subtabs.

Schema

The only thing I've used Schema for is for easily seeing the differences between what's in the db and what Drupal expects to be there. Very handy for cleaning up a dirty db :) This module can also be used to do all sorts of other db related stuff and has an API used by other modules.

Module Builder

Easily create a scaffolding for a module. Gives a nice UI with a full list of hooks to be included, all organized into collapsable sections. Try it out. It might save you some time.

Hacked!

This module shows if Drupal or any of its modules have been changed. If you have the Diff module installed, it will show you the exact lines changed.