Override Node Options

This module "allows permissions to be set to each field within the Authoring information and Publishing options field sets on the node form. It also allows selected field sets to be set as collapsed and / or collapsible."

User protect

"This module allows fine-grained access control of user administrators, by providing various editing protection for users. The protections can be specific to a user, or applied to all users in a role."

Views

Download over 3.5 million times, this module is an insane query builder. Learn it.

Feeds

"Import or aggregate data as nodes, users, taxonomy terms or simple database records."

Configuration Management

Similar to Features and CINC, "The configuration management module enables the ability to keep track of specific configurations on a Drupal site, provides the ability to move these configurations between different environments (local, dev, qa, prod), and also move configurations between completely different sites (migrate configurations) without the use of modules with all configuration being owned by the site."